ABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of degenerative bone and joint diseases, and its widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, many scholars have conducted a large number of basic studies on the delay of intervertebral disc degeneration by herbal compound and monomeric components from different perspectives. In order to further elucidate its mechanism of action, this paper summarizes the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies conducted at the level of both herbal compound and single components, respectively, in order to provide references for the basic research on the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration by Chinese medicine. A summary shows that commonly used herbal compound prescriptions include both classical prescriptions such as Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, as well as clinical experience prescriptions such as Yiqi Huoxue Recipe. Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, and Eucommiae Cortex were used most frequently. Tonic for deficiency and blood stasis activators were used most frequently. The most utilized monomeric components include icariin, ginsenoside Re, salvianolic acid B and aucubin. The main molecular mechanisms by which herbal compound and monomeric components delay of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration include improving the intervertebral disc microenvironment, promoting the synthesis of aggregated proteoglycans and type Ⅱ collagen in the intervertebral disc, reducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and inhibiting apoptosis in the nucleus pulposus cells, etc. The main signaling pathways involved include Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, MAPK-related signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Fas/FasL signaling pathway, PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and hedgehog signaling pathway, etc.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/metabolism , Nucleus Pulposus/metabolism , Wnt Signaling PathwayABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that continuous loading pressure can induce intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing the number of nucleus pulposus cells and reducing the expression of extracellular matrix in the nucleus pulposus. However, its mechanism of action is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of continuous loading pressure on apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells. METHODS: The in vitro models of rabbit spinal motion segment under loading pressure were established and divided into control group (no treatment), pressure group (3 kg continuous loading pressure) and observation group (3 kg continuous loading pressure + 20 μmol/L SB216763). After 3 days of intervention, the pathological changes of nucleus pulposus cells were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression of caspase-3 and GSK-3β protein in nucleus pulposus tissue was detected by western blot assay.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As a reliable biomechanical model, human fresh isolated cervical specimens provide the basis for studying the pathogenesis of cervical vertigo from the perspective of blood flow of vertebral artery.There is a lack of an in vitro cervical model that can simulate the physiological state of the cervical vertebrae and achieve complex posture, as well as can measure the blood flow of vertebral artery. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of variant position of human fresh isolated cervical vertebrae on the blood flow of vertebral artery in vitro through constructing the fresh specimen of cervical vertebral artery determination model. METHODS: Six human fresh isolated cervical specimens were selected for constructing the vertebral artery determination model. The pressure of human vertebra artery was simulated by pressure pump. The change of normal saline height was measured by digital motion capture system dynamically under different positions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eight vertebral arteries in the six models were in good condition. (2) The vertebral artery flow under neutral position was significantly richer than that under contralateral rotation-anteflexion and ipsilateral/contralateral rotation-postexion (P <0.05). (3) The vertebral artery flow under contralateral rotation-anteflexion and rotation-postexion was significantly poorer than that under natural position, ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral rotation-anteflexion (P < 0.05). (4) In summary, the cervical vertebral artery determination model is constructed successfully that can simulate the influence of the position on vertebral artery flow. Additionally, different positions of rotation make a different effect on vertebral artery flow.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Animal models are critical to study the mechanism, prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Therefore, constructing an ideal animal model of IDD is the key to further study IDD. OBJECTIVE: To review the selection and construction methods of the IDD model, so as to select and construct an ideal animal model of IDD. METHODS: A retrieval of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed and PubMed databases was performed for the articles published before December 2016. The keywords were "intervertebral disc degeneration, animal model" in English and Chinese, respectively. All the articles were selected from the authoritative magazines, and finally 56 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of animals used for constructing the IDD model, including small and large animals. The former has a small volume of intervertebral disc that is beneficial for nutrient and metabolite transport,so it can be used for long-term in vitro culture.The latter has a large volume of intervertebral disc,which is appropriate for biomechanical study.The animal models of IDD include in vivo and in vitro models:the in vivo models include the changed biomechanics,destroyed physical structure,spontaneous and systemic disease models;the in vitro models include in vitro cellular and organ models.However,there is still a lack of an ideal animal model that can fully simulate human IDD. Noticeably, similarity, comparability, economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability should be considered.